Ukusetyenziswa kokutya okutsha kunye nemozulu kunye nokusingqongileyo komhlaba, inkqubo yokukhetha, inkqubo yokupakisha, iskimu sokupakisha kunye nokujikeleza kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nokuthutha (iqondo lobushushu kunye noluhlu lokufuma, iiparamitha zokusebenza kwephedi ye-cushioning kunye nokupakishwa kwezothutho, izixhobo zokujikeleza, ibakala lendlela, i-vibration frequency), inkqubo yokuthengisa. kunye nezinye izinto zonke zinxulumene.Phakathi kwazo, itekhnoloji yokupakisha kunye nezisombululo zihamba kulo lonke ikhonkco lokutya okutsha, kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukutya.Itekhnoloji yokupakisha - itekhnoloji yokupakisha yemodyuli elungisiweyo ithe chu yangena kwindawo yombono yoluntu.
IntoniyiMAP?
Ukupakishwa kwe-atmosphere elungisiweyo: tshintsha ukubunjwa kwerhasi ngaphakathi kwepakethe ngokutshintshwa kwegesi, oko kukuthi, ukonyusa ngokwenziwa okanye ukunciphisa isalathiso soxinaniso lwerhasi emoyeni wangaphakathi okanye ukhuphe igesi ethile, ukuze ukutya okungaphakathi kwahluke kubume bomoya. (umoya ngokwesiseko Ukwakheka ratio: nitrogen 78%, ioksijini 21%, carbon dioxide 0.031%, irhasi enqabileyo 0.939%, ezinye iigesi kunye nokungcola 0.03%) bume, ngokuthintela kunye buthathaka imveliso yeekhemikhali okanye reactions biochemical ekutyeni ukuze ukufezekisa ukutsha kokutya kunye nokwandisa ubomi beshelufu, amacandelo egesi ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli sokupakisha ahlala ebandakanya enye ukuya kwezintathu.Ukongeza, enye inkqubo yokupakisha eqhele ukusetyenziswa ekutyeni okutsha - itekhnoloji yokupakisha ivacuum ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-decompression packaging.Ngengqiqo emxinwa, ukupakishwa kwevacuum ayisiyonxalenye yesebe lokupakisha okulungisiweyo, kodwa kudidi lwetekhnoloji yokupakisha ebonakalayo, kwaye ibe yinkqubo ezimeleyo enobunzulu kunye nokuvela kwetekhnoloji.Emva kokususa umoya kwisitya sokupakisha, ingaphakathi lesitya lifikelela kwi-preset vacuum degree, emva koko isitya sivaliwe.Kodwa kwimbono ebanzi, ukupakishwa okulungisiweyo kwemoya kukwabandakanya ukupakishwa kwevacuum.
Iigesi ezintathu eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwipakethe ye-atmosfera elungisiweyo
Okokuqala, iindlela zokugweba ukuba ukutya okutsha kutsha okanye konakele kubomi bemihla ngemihla ikakhulu kubandakanya "ukubona, ukuva nokubuza".Jonga: jonga umbala kunye nenkangeleko yokutya;ivumba: ivumba lokutya;buza: buza malunga nolwazi olusisiseko lokutya;Sika: bamba ukutya ukuze ugwebe ukuthembeka kwako.Ezi ndlela zibonakala kakhulu kwiinqanaba zokuthengisa kunye nokuhanjiswa kokutya okutsha, oko kukuthi, ukuchongwa komntu.Ngokubhekiselele kwitekhnoloji yokupakishwa kwemoya elungisiweyo, iigesi zokutshintshwa kwangaphakathi ziquka i-carbon dioxide, i-carbon monoxide, ioksijini, i-nitrogen, i-sulphur dioxide, kunye neziphumo zophando ezikhoyo zibonisa ukuba i-argon ethile inokukhethwa kwisixa esifanelekileyo kwiimveliso ezithile ezintsha.Noko ke, ezona gesi zintathu zidla ngokusetyenziswa endaweni yokutya okutsha zisasetyenziswa: initrogen, ioksijini necarbon dioxide.Ugxininiso oluthile lomlinganiselo, nokuba luhlala kunye, kunye nemisebenzi kumacandelo amathathu onke aya kutshintsha kunye neempawu ze-physiological zokutya okutsha kunye nezizathu ezinokubangela ukuwohloka.
Ioksijini.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ioksijini inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuphefumla.Ubukho be-oksijini kwipakethe ye-atmosphere elungisiweyo kuthetha ukukhutshwa kwe-oxidation yokutya kunye nokuveliswa kwe-aerobic microorganisms, izinto ezingathandekiyo zokonakala kokutya kwaye kufuneka zikhutshelwe ngaphandle kumacandelo egesi.Umsebenzi wamanzi Aw wokutya waziswa apha.Umsebenzi wamanzi ulinganisa iimolekyuli zamanzi simahla ekutyeni, eziziindawo eziluncedo ukuze ziphile kunye nokuzala kwakhona kweebhaktheriya kunye ne-microorganisms.Unobangela wokonakaliswa kokutya kukusabela kweekhemikhali, ukusabela kwe-enzymatic, kunye nokukhula kwe-microbial kunye nokuzala okwenzeka ngaphakathi kuyo.Ngoko ke, ukuthintela umsebenzi wamanzi kuya kulawula ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho wokutya.Ukutya okunomsebenzi wamanzi ngaphantsi kwe-0.88, i-deoxygenation inokwandisa kakhulu ubomi beshelufu;kunye nokutya okutsha okunomsebenzi wamanzi aphezulu, i-deoxygenation nayo idlala indima ethile ekugcinweni okutsha.Noko ke, ioksijini yenye into ekukutya okutsha kwenkukhu.
In umoya omdakaiteknoloji yokupakisha i-atmosphere, i-carbon dioxide yigesi ebalulekileyo esetyenziselwa ukukhusela ukutya.Inempembelelo enamandla yokuthintela ukungunda kunye ne-enzymes, kwaye inempembelelo "yetyhefu" kwibhaktheriya ye-aerobic, kodwa inemiphumo emibi kwi-yeast kunye ne-aspergillus ebomvu.Ukuthatha i-Cladomyces, i-Aspergillus, i-Penicillium softening, kunye ne-Aspergillus njengemizekelo, xa i-concentration ye-carbon dioxide ifikelela malunga ne-10%, izinga lokuzala kwezithathu zokuqala libonisa ukuhla okucacileyo;Izinga lokuzala kwe-Aspergillus lalingaphantsi kwe-5%, ngelixa ixabiso le-slope ye-Aspergillus lancitshiswa kakhulu emva kokuba ugxininiso lufikelele kwi-10%, kwaye impembelelo yokuthintela yoxinaniso kwizinga layo lokuzala yayilinganiselwe.
Nitrogen.I-nitrojeni ngokwayo ayinayo impembelelo yokuthintela ekukhuleni kwe-microorganisms kuyo nayiphi na ukutya okutsha kwipakethe ye-atmosphere elungisiweyo, oko kukuthi, ayinayo imisebenzi efana nokugcinwa kokutsha kunye ne-antisepsis, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ayinabungozi kukutya ngokwayo kwaye ayiyi kukhawulezisa. izinga lokuwohloka kwayo.Umsebenzi we-nitrogen apha ubonakaliswa ngamanqaku amabini: 1) ukunciphisa ngokupheleleyo i-oksijini eseleyo kumacandelo egesi ngaphakathi kwepakethe.2) Ikhonkrithi "umthetho weDuPont": ukuba ikharbon diokside ifunxeka ngokulula kukufuma kunye namafutha ekutya kwaye ipakethe iyathamba kwaye idilike, initrogen ingasetyenziswa njengesizalisi ukwenza iphakheji yokuthengisa etywiniweyo ibonakale igcwele, intle ngakumbi kwaye ithe tye. Ngokubanzi, ukuze ikwazi ukutsala ingqalelo yabathengi ngokukhawuleza kwinkqubo yokuthengisa, ivelise umnqweno wokuthenga, kunye nokufezekisa umphumo wokukhuthaza ukuthengisa.Ukongezelela, kukho iingongoma ezimbalwa zokongeza: 1) Akunakwenzeka ukufezekisa indawo engena-oksijini ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi kwephakheji.I-2) Impembelelo ye-carbon dioxide ekugcinweni kokutya okutsha ilinganiselwe.3) Ke ngoko, eyona nkqubo yokusetyenziswa kweskimu sokupakisha esilungisiweyo somoya wokutya okutsha kaninzi kufuneka zidityaniswe nekhonkco elibandayo (kuxhomekeke kwirhasi kunye nemekobume yobushushu obuphantsi) ukufezekisa isiphumo esifanelekileyo.
Itekhnoloji yokupakisha ye-artificial modified atmosphere
Okokuqala, isitshixo ekubunjweni kwegesi kukugcina indawo enezinga eliphezulu le-carbon dioxide kunye ne-oksijeni ephantsi (ngokuqhelekileyo i-1% -6%).I-oksijini ephantsi yoxinaniso inokuthintela ukuphefumla kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno ngaphandle kokuvelisa ukuphefumla kwe-anaerobic (i-fermentation);high-concentration carbon dioxide (ngokubanzi 1% -12%, isipinatshi, itumato ukuya kwi-20%) unako passivate ukuphefumla kwayo, kodwa xa umlinganiselo Ukodlula umgangatho kuya kukhokelela "ityhefu" kunye nokonakala iiseli zesityalo, ngoko isicwangciso ratio ethile kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zeziqhamo kunye nemifuno.Ukongezelela, ukunciphisa ukushisa kokugcina kunenzuzo ekunciphiseni ukuqina kokuphefumula kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo akufanele kube ngaphantsi kwe-0 ° C;ngenye indlela, isenzeko "sokwenzakala okubandayo kunye nokulimala okukhenkcezayo" kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno ikwayisalathisi esibalulekileyo solawulo lobushushu.
Xa kuthelekiswa netekhnoloji yokupakisha eyenziwe ngumntu, ehlaziyiweyo yendalo inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokusetyenziswa kwendalo.Into ephambili ilele ekusebenzeni kwefilimu ekhethiweyo ephefumulayo, ebonakaliswe ngokusetyenziswa kokuzaliswa okungenamsebenzi.Ukusebenzisa ukuphefumla kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno kunye ne-permeation ekhethiweyo (indlela-mbini) yeegesi ezahlukeneyo ngefilimu, indawo yangaphakathi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-carbon dioxide kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-oksijini lwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo.Inkqubo ethile: Emva kokuba ukupakishwa kugqityiwe, ngenxa yokuphefumula kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno, i-oksijini yangaphakathi iyancipha kwaye isahlulo se-carbon dioxide sanda, esinciphisa ukuphefumula.Emva koko, xa i-carbon dioxide concentration yangaphakathi iphezulu kakhulu, umsebenzi okhethiweyo wokungena kwifilimu (ikhono layo lokungena kwi-carbon dioxide ngamaxesha angama-5 ukuya ku-10 ngaphezu kokukwazi ukungena kwi-oksijini) iya kungena kwi-carbon dioxide yangaphakathi, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo. ixesha lingene kwinani elincinci le-oksijeni yangaphandle, ukugcina ukulingana koxinzelelo lwamacandelo egesi yangaphakathi ukufezekisa umphumo wokugcinwa kokutsha.Izixhobo zefilimu eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwipakethe ye-atmosfera eguquliweyo kufuneka ibe nesithintelo esilungileyo segesi kunye neempawu zesithintelo sokufuma ukuze kugcinwe okona kulungileyo ukubunjwa kwegesi kunye nokugxila ngaphakathi.Ukongeza kula manqaku mabini angasentla, iimfuno zokusebenza kwezinto eziphathekayo zibandakanya iimpawu zokutywinwa kobushushu (amandla aphezulu okutywinwa kokushisa kunye nokutywinwa kobushushu obulula ukuqinisekisa amandla okutywinwa);ukuthintela umonakalo ngexesha lenkqubo);ukungafihli (imixholo ingabonwa ngokusebenzisa izinto zefilimu, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuhlola ikhonkco kunye nokuthengisa);enye intsebenzo efunekayo (ngokweempawu zokutya okutsha ukugqiba ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zineempawu ezifana nokuchasana kweoli kunye nokugcinwa kwevumba) .Ukungena okukhethiweyo kwezinto zokupakisha zendalo ezitshintshiweyo apha kukwanxulumene nobukhulu befilimu kunye nobushushu, kwaye umthetho jikelele
Ukushwankathela, izinto ezifunekayo zosetyenziso olusebenzayo lwepakethe ye-atmosphere elungisiweyo:
1) Bamba iipropati kunye notshintsho lokutya okutsha ngaphakathi ukumisela ukubunjwa kwegesi kunye nokugxininiswa;
2) Lawula ubushushu obusebenzayo bokugcinwa kokutya;
3) Isebenza kwizidlo ezitsha ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwakheka kwegesi Izinto ezifunekayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-30-2022
